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Difficultés anglaises

> eponym A person after whom something is named. The name of the thing in question can also be referred to as an eponym, or it can be said to be eponymous, eponymous being the adjective from eponym. English has several eponymous words. Some of these are listed below together with their derivations:• Bailey bridge, a type of temporary military bridge that can be assembled very quickly, called after Sir Donald Bailey (1901-85), the English engineer who invented it.• Bowie knife, a type of hunting knife with a long curving blade, called after the American soldier and adventurer, James Bowie (1799-1836), who made it popular.• cardigan, a knitted jacket fastened with buttons called after the Earl of Cardigan (1797-1868) who was fond of wearing such a garment and was the British cavalry officer who led the unsuccessful Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War (1854).• Celsius the temperature scale, called after the Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius (1701-44).• freesia, a type og sweet-smelling flower, called after the German physician, Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Freese (died 1876).• garibaldi, a type of biscuit with a layer of currants in it, called after Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882), an Italian soldier patriot who is said to have enjoyed such biscuits.• Granny Smith, a variety of hard green apple, called after the Australian gardener, Maria Ann Smith, known as Granny Smith (died 1870), who first grew the apple in Sydney in the 1860s.• greengage, a type of greenish plum, called after Sir William Gage who introduced it into Britain from France (1777-1864).• leotard, a one-piece, close-fitting garment worn by acrobats and dancers, called after the French acrobat, Jules Leotard (1842-70), who introduced the costume as a circus garment.• mackintosh, a type of raincoat, especially one made of rubberized cloth, called after the Scottish chemist, Charles Mackintosh (1766-1843), who patented it in the early 1820s.• praline, a type of confectionery made from nuts and sugar, is called after Count Plessis-Praslin (1598-1675), a French field marshal, whose chef is said to have been the first person to make the sweet.• plimsoll, a type of light rubber-soled canvas shoe, called after the English shipping reform leader, Samuel Plimsoll (1824-98). The shoe is so named because the upper edge of the rubber was thought to resemble the Plimsoll Line, the set of markings on the side of a ship which indicate the levels to which the ship may be safely loaded. The Plimsoll Line became law in 1876.• salmonella, the bacteria that causes some diseases such as food poisoning, called after Daniel Elmer Salmon (1850-1914), the American veterinary surgeon who identified it.• sandwich, a snack consisting of two pieces of buttered bread with a filling, called after the Earl of Sandwich (1718-92) who was such a compulsive gambler that he would not leave the gaming tables to eat, but had some cold beef between two slices of bread brought to him.• saxophone, a type of keyed brass instrument often used in jazz music, called after Adolphe Sax (1814-94), the Belgium instrument-maker who invented it.• shrapnel, an explosive projectile that contains bullets or fragments of metal and a charge that is exploded before impact, called after the British army officer, Henry Shrapnel (1761-1842), who invented it.• stetson, a type of wide-brimmed, high-crowned felt hat, called after its designer, the American hat-maker, John Batterson Stetson (1830-1906).• trilby, a type of soft felt hat with an indented crown, called after "Trilby", the dramatized version of the novel by the English writer, George du Maurier. The heroine of the play, Trilby O'Ferrall, wore such a hat.• wellington, a waterproof rubber boot that extends to the knee, called after the Duke of Wellington (1769-1852), who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo (1815). Pour éviter fautes de grammaire, contresens et confusions. The English Usage Dictionary est le parfait complément des dictionnaires bilingues, du dictionnaire de définitions anglaises et du Thesaurus. Ce dictionnaire signale toutes les difficultés que recèle l'usage d'un mot: orthographe, grammaire, prononciation, homonymies, etc. Exemple d'article du dictionnaire English Usage Dictionary